Why is it so hard for some students to master alphabet letters?
They don't seem to recognize individual letters and they have great difficulties printing them.

Letters are made up of individual lines and arcs.

Not all students see those individual lines when they look at a letter.

What they see is a single object.
* = 5 separate lines

Students with dyslexia or other learning difficulties, however, see this asterisk as a single object.
* = 1 blob

Similarily to when we look at a chair, it is a chair whether it is facing front or back, east or west, flipped upside down or sitting upright. We call it a chair no matter how we position it. To some students b, d, p, and q are a 'chair', yet we expect them to call it a 'b' or a 'd' depending on how it has been positioned.

Now look at these letters:
b d p q
Most people see the lines and arcs that make up these letters and so know that if the line comes first and then the arc or circle it's a 'b', but if the arc or circle comes before the line it's a 'd' and if the line is below the writing line it is a 'p'. This is very simple for most of us.

Unfortunately, students with learning difficulties only see one letter or object. So b, d, p and q, all basically look like the same single letter.

The absolute best method to solve this problem is to use dot patterns. I am always amazed at how well this works. I am so excited about dot patterns not only for letter recognition but also for thinking skills that I use them with all my students at all grade and ability levels. Happily, the students love to do them. There is a large section of dot pattern worksheets available in the teaching resources section.
(example of a dot pattern)

See our Teaching Resources for Dot Patterns for worksheets, lesson plans, etc.